REAL ESTATE NOT IN THE TRUST PROBATE OR "HEGGSTAD PETITION" NEW DEVELOPMENTS
A problem arises when real estate that was intended to be transferred into the trust was not transferred into the trust by deed and title on such property did not reflect trust ownership on the death of the settlor (the creator of the trust). Under certain conditions a “Heggstad Petition” (Petition under California Probate Code §850) can be utilized to cure the defect.
In Estate of Heggstad, (1993) 16 Cal.App.4th 943) the settlor had declared in the trust that he had transferred certain property to his trust by briefly describing that property in a written schedule attached to the trust instrument.
However, at the time of the settlor’s death, record title to a certain parcel of real property that was described on the trust asset schedule remained in that decedent’s name as an individual. There had been no deed formally conveying that property to the trustee of the trust. The Heggstad court held that the settlor’s written declaration that the property was held in trust was sufficient to create a trust in the subject real property, without the need of a formal conveyance of title to the settlor as trustee during the decedent’s lifetime. Therefore, that property was held to be an asset of the trust and not subject to disposition through the decedent’s will.
However, what happens if the real property is not conveyed to the trust and is not described on a trust asset schedule? Approximately, twenty-two years after Heggstad, in March, 2015, an appellate decision was handed down from California’s Fourth District Court of Appeals that came to the rescue. The relatively recent case of Ukkestad v. RBS Asset Finance, Inc. (2015) 235 Cal.App.4th 156 clarified the scope of a Heggstad petition to confirm a trust’s holding of real property. In addition, although inapposite to Heggstad, a recent California Court of Appeal decision Carne v. Worthington (2016) 246 Cal.App.4th 548, distinguished Heggstad referring to it approximately 22 times. Carne is helpful in understanding the principals raised in the Heggstad and Ukkestad decisions. Carne is also illustrative on how disputes over trusts happen if one is not careful in executing and recording all the deeds to property that are to be part of a trust. The Carne case also shows how a relative can try to take advantage of a failure to record a deed and how trust litigation happens and can take years to resolve.
Many are familiar with the Heggstad Petition, but some attorneys and non attorneys are not and need a little background:
A trust is an entity to which one’s assets are transferred. When the creator of the trust becomes incapacitated or deceased, the designated Successor Trustee takes over the administration of the trust, and hence, all of the trust assets (i.e., all of the assets that are properly transferred to the trust) are administered and/or distributed. This concept of transferring assets to one’s trust (“funding the trust”) has always been a fly in the ointment of attorneys and clients alike: not because of the difficulty of transferring such assets, but the dramatic consequences of not having assets properly funded into the trust.
The petition opportunities created by the Heggstad case of 1993 and its progeny have always been a popular fallback in situations where real estate was intended to be transferred into the trust, but the title on such property did not reflect trust ownership. Given the fact title on real estate is often changed during re-financing, not having the title correctly in the name of the trust is a situation encountered all too often. But as much as Heggstad is thought of as a savior to this predicament, it has a fly in its own soup…a problem that Ukkestad remedies. The implications of Ukkestad completely change the opportunities available for trust administrators to address this very common problem.
The key issue in these types of cases is INTENT! This rule of law has been expanded to include assets that are not listed on a schedule of assets but the decedent has shown other forms of written intent to include in trust.
Since 1993, Successor Trustees all over California have filed Petitions under Probate Code §850 relying on Heggstad to allow a post-mortem transfer of real estate into a trust. One of the problems one encounters under Heggstad is that the property in question needs to be specifically described to satisfy the legal requirements of an appropriate transfer. Why this presents a problem, is that most trusts have general declarations, outlining an intent to transfer “all property, both real and personal” to their trust, and seldom refer to specific items, accounts, or parcels of property. Without these specific identifications, such a declaration fails to meet the requirements set forth in Heggstad, thus making the opportunity worthless.
Similar to, but different than Heggstad, in Ukkestad the decedent owned two items of real property, and neither title reflected ownership. The trust did have a declaration, but, unlike Heggstad, the declaration did not specifically mention or describe the two particular properties. At the trial level, the Court held that without the specific descriptions, a post-mortem transfer under Heggstad was impossible, and denied the petition. Petitioner appealed. Surprisingly, the appellate court did hold that the declaration was, in fact, sufficient to transfer the properties into the trust post-mortem.
The issue in dispute in Ukkestad is whether the declaration in the trust is sufficient to comply with the requirement that the property in question be adequately described. The declaration in the trust in question read as follows: “The Grantor (i.e., the decedent and creator of the trust), by execution of this instrument, hereby assigns, grants and conveys to the Trustees of this instrument all of the Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to all of his real and personal property…and all other property owned by the Grantor, wherever situated.” (Emphasis added).
The court first looked at a 2007 case, Sterling v. Taylor, which clarified a legal principle: “That is certain which can be made certain.” The court explained this with the following: “If a memorandum includes the essential terms of the parties’ agreement, but the meaning of those terms is unclear, the memorandum is sufficient under [the law] if extrinsic (i.e., outside) evidence clarifies the terms with reasonable certainty and the evidence as a whole demonstrates that the parties intended to be bound.”
A case that demonstrated the application of the very principle addressed in Sterling is a 2003 case, Alameda Belt Line v. City of Alameda, which held that a contract for the purchase of a rail line sufficiently described the property even though the description was limited to, “belt line railroad including all extensions thereof.” The parties could consult outside evidence, including business and legal records, and undeniably arrive at what that description included. Although Alameda addressed the issue of a sales contract, the underlying legal principle–the Statute of Frauds, is the same legal principle at issue with transferring property into a trust.
Going back to Ukkestad, we see that the level of description, however vague (e.g., “all of the Grantor’s right title and interest in and to all of his real and personal property…wherever situated”), is still able to be made certain per Sterling given the fact the declaration refers to “all” his real property. By referring to outside legal titling documents, as was done in Alameda, to any property owned by Ukkestad, it can be ascertained, or made certain (as Sterling describes) that every single parcel of real estate that Ukkestad owned was sufficiently described by the declaration, as it would be “all” his property.
Pulling in the reigns a little bit, the court in Ukkestad referred to a 1996 case, Osswald v. Anderson where the facts and issues were similar to Ukkestad, except for the pivotal fact that the declaration in the trust in Osswald did not refer to “all real property,” but rather “all real property described on the attached ‘Exhibit A’.” The problem was that there was no attached “Exhibit A” or any reference to any listing of properties. In briefly analyzing Osswald, the court in Ukkestad noted that this missing “Exhibit A” could include one or more of the properties, or none of the properties at all. The fact that there was an intended list, could not automatically make certain what was on that list.
Where does this leave us? First of all, because of Ukkestad, Heggstad petitions will be a lot easier to approve without the requirement of specific description of each item of property. Also, drafting styles should change to reflect Ukkestad. Most trusts have a general declaration of intent to transfer assets to a trust, but implementing encompassing language (such as, “all”) should be heavily considered. But in the end, this is all a backup option to how a trust should properly be managed. Careful consideration should be given to ensuring one’s assets are always transferred into one’s trust, but as a precaution, a declaration implementing the verbiage of Ukkestad would be a well-considered addition to any trust.
What happens if real estate is not in a trust at the death of the settlor or successor trustor depends on the facts of each case. If probate is necessary or not that is where I can be of help. I make a difficult and bewildering probate or the Heggstad Petition process as simple as possible. If you are not sure what to do please contact me. If you wish to gain more information on California probate or Heggstad Petitions please contact me for a free consultation. I will spend time with you to answer your questions. From my office in Southern California, I represent families in all Southern California counties, including Imperial County, Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, San Diego County, others spread across the state and interested parties outside California.
To schedule a consultation, call me toll free at 800-575-9610 or locally at 760-989-4820. I enjoy meeting in person whenever possible, but am also available via Skype and email or through my online contact form.
REAL ESTATE NOT IN THE TRUST PROBATE OR "HEGGSTAD PETITION" NEW DEVELOPMENTS
A problem arises when real estate that was intended to be transferred into the trust was not transferred into the trust by deed and title on such property did not reflect trust ownership on the death of the settlor (the creator of the trust). Under certain conditions a “Heggstad Petition” (Petition under California Probate Code §850) can be utilized to cure the defect.
In Estate of Heggstad, (1993) 16 Cal.App.4th 943) the settlor had declared in the trust that he had transferred certain property to his trust by briefly describing that property in a written schedule attached to the trust instrument. However, at the time of the settlor’s death, record title to a certain parcel of real property that was described on the trust asset schedule remained in that decedent’s name as an individual. There had been no deed formally conveying that property to the trustee of the trust. The Heggstad court held that the settlor’s written declaration that the property was held in trust was sufficient to create a trust in the subject real property, without the need of a formal conveyance of title to the settlor as trustee during the decedent’s lifetime. Therefore, that property was held to be an asset of the trust and not subject to disposition through the decedent’s will.
However, what happens if the real property is not conveyed to the trust and is not described on a trust asset schedule? Approximately, twenty-two years after Heggstad, in March, 2015, an appellate decision was handed down from California’s Fourth District Court of Appeals that came to the rescue. The relatively recent case of Ukkestad v. RBS Asset Finance, Inc. (2015) 235 Cal.App.4th 156 clarified the scope of a Heggstad petition to confirm a trust’s holding of real property. In addition, although inapposite to Heggstad, a recent California Court of Appeal decision Carne v. Worthington (2016) 246 Cal.App.4th 548, distinguished Heggstad referring to it approximately 22 times. Carne is helpful in understanding the principals raised in the Heggstad and Ukkestad decisions. Carne is also illustrative on how disputes over trusts happen if one is not careful in executing and recording all the deeds to property that are to be part of a trust. The Carne case also shows how a relative can try to take advantage of a failure to record a deed and how trust litigation happens and can take years to resolve.
Many are familiar with the Heggstad Petition, but some attorneys and non attorneys are not and need a little background:
A trust is an entity to which one’s assets are transferred. When the creator of the trust becomes incapacitated or deceased, the designated Successor Trustee takes over the administration of the trust, and hence, all of the trust assets (i.e., all of the assets that are properly transferred to the trust) are administered and/or distributed. This concept of transferring assets to one’s trust (“funding the trust”) has always been a fly in the ointment of attorneys and clients alike: not because of the difficulty of transferring such assets, but the dramatic consequences of not having assets properly funded into the trust.
The petition opportunities created by the Heggstad case of 1993 and its progeny have always been a popular fallback in situations where real estate was intended to be transferred into the trust, but the title on such property did not reflect trust ownership. Given the fact title on real estate is often changed during re-financing, not having the title correctly in the name of the trust is a situation encountered all too often. But as much as Heggstad is thought of as a savior to this predicament, it has a fly in its own soup…a problem that Ukkestad remedies. The implications of Ukkestad completely change the opportunities available for trust administrators to address this very common problem.
The key issue in these types of cases is INTENT! This rule of law has been expanded to include assets that are not listed on a schedule of assets but the decedent has shown other forms of written intent to include in trust.
Since 1993, Successor Trustees all over California have filed Petitions under Probate Code §850 relying on Heggstad to allow a post-mortem transfer of real estate into a trust. One of the problems one encounters under Heggstad is that the property in question needs to be specifically described to satisfy the legal requirements of an appropriate transfer. Why this presents a problem, is that most trusts have general declarations, outlining an intent to transfer “all property, both real and personal” to their trust, and seldom refer to specific items, accounts, or parcels of property. Without these specific identifications, such a declaration fails to meet the requirements set forth in Heggstad, thus making the opportunity worthless.
Similar to, but different than Heggstad, in Ukkestad the decedent owned two items of real property, and neither title reflected ownership. The trust did have a declaration, but, unlike Heggstad, the declaration did not specifically mention or describe the two particular properties. At the trial level, the Court held that without the specific descriptions, a post-mortem transfer under Heggstad was impossible, and denied the petition. Petitioner appealed. Surprisingly, the appellate court did hold that the declaration was, in fact, sufficient to transfer the properties into the trust post-mortem.
The issue in dispute in Ukkestad is whether the declaration in the trust is sufficient to comply with the requirement that the property in question be adequately described. The declaration in the trust in question read as follows: “The Grantor (i.e., the decedent and creator of the trust), by execution of this instrument, hereby assigns, grants and conveys to the Trustees of this instrument all of the Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to all of his real and personal property…and all other property owned by the Grantor, wherever situated.” (Emphasis added).
The court first looked at a 2007 case, Sterling v. Taylor, which clarified a legal principle: “That is certain which can be made certain.” The court explained this with the following: “If a memorandum includes the essential terms of the parties’ agreement, but the meaning of those terms is unclear, the memorandum is sufficient under [the law] if extrinsic (i.e., outside) evidence clarifies the terms with reasonable certainty and the evidence as a whole demonstrates that the parties intended to be bound.”
A case that demonstrated the application of the very principle addressed in Sterling is a 2003 case, Alameda Belt Line v. City of Alameda, which held that a contract for the purchase of a rail line sufficiently described the property even though the description was limited to, “belt line railroad including all extensions thereof.” The parties could consult outside evidence, including business and legal records, and undeniably arrive at what that description included. Although Alameda addressed the issue of a sales contract, the underlying legal principle–the Statute of Frauds, is the same legal principle at issue with transferring property into a trust.
Going back to Ukkestad, we see that the level of description, however vague (e.g., “all of the Grantor’s right title and interest in and to all of his real and personal property…wherever situated”), is still able to be made certain per Sterling given the fact the declaration refers to “all” his real property. By referring to outside legal titling documents, as was done in Alameda, to any property owned by Ukkestad, it can be ascertained, or made certain (as Sterling describes) that every single parcel of real estate that Ukkestad owned was sufficiently described by the declaration, as it would be “all” his property.
Pulling in the reigns a little bit, the court in Ukkestad referred to a 1996 case, Osswald v. Anderson where the facts and issues were similar to Ukkestad, except for the pivotal fact that the declaration in the trust in Osswald did not refer to “all real property,” but rather “all real property described on the attached ‘Exhibit A’.” The problem was that there was no attached “Exhibit A” or any reference to any listing of properties. In briefly analyzing Osswald, the court in Ukkestad noted that this missing “Exhibit A” could include one or more of the properties, or none of the properties at all. The fact that there was an intended list, could not automatically make certain what was on that list.
Where does this leave us? First of all, because of Ukkestad, Heggstad petitions will be a lot easier to approve without the requirement of specific description of each item of property. Also, drafting styles should change to reflect Ukkestad. Most trusts have a general declaration of intent to transfer assets to a trust, but implementing encompassing language (such as, “all”) should be heavily considered. But in the end, this is all a backup option to how a trust should properly be managed. Careful consideration should be given to ensuring one’s assets are always transferred into one’s trust, but as a precaution, a declaration implementing the verbiage of Ukkestad would be a well-considered addition to any trust.
What happens if real estate is not in a trust at the death of the settlor or successor trustor depends on the facts of each case. If probate is necessary or not that is where I can be of help. I make a difficult and bewildering probate or the Heggstad Petition process as simple as possible. If you are not sure what to do please contact me. If you wish to gain more information on California probate or Heggstad Petitions please contact me for a free consultation. I will spend time with you to answer your questions. From my office in Southern California, I represent families in all Southern California counties, including Imperial County, Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, San Diego County, others spread across the state and interested parties outside California.
To schedule a consultation, call me toll free at 800-575-9610 or locally at 760-989-4820. I enjoy meeting in person whenever possible, but am also available via Skype and email or through my online contact form.